Soulat, HugoStephen, Emily P.Beck, Amanda M.Purdon, Patrick L.2023-05-022023-05-022022-09-24H. Soulat, E.P. Stephen, A.M. Beck, P.L. Purdon. 2022. "State space methods for phase amplitude coupling analysis." Scientific Reports, Volume 12, Issue 1, pp.15940-. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18475-32045-2322https://hdl.handle.net/2144/46140Phase amplitude coupling (PAC) is thought to play a fundamental role in the dynamic coordination of brain circuits and systems. There are however growing concerns that existing methods for PAC analysis are prone to error and misinterpretation. Improper frequency band selection can render true PAC undetectable, while non-linearities or abrupt changes in the signal can produce spurious PAC. Current methods require large amounts of data and lack formal statistical inference tools. We describe here a novel approach for PAC analysis that substantially addresses these problems. We use a state space model to estimate the component oscillations, avoiding problems with frequency band selection, nonlinearities, and sharp signal transitions. We represent cross-frequency coupling in parametric and time-varying forms to further improve statistical efficiency and estimate the posterior distribution of the coupling parameters to derive their credible intervals. We demonstrate the method using simulated data, rat local field potentials (LFP) data, and human EEG data.p. 15940Electronicen© The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AnimalsBrainElectroencephalographyHumansRatsArticle2023-02-0310.1038/s41598-022-18475-30000-0003-1978-9622 (Stephen, Emily P)766327